Computer Science:

                                                                

                                                         Computer studies is studying about computer. Computer is a great

 invention. In our daily routine we use computer to solve our different problems.  Let us study about the history of computer. 

Computer Software:

                                                   Computer has two types of software system, software and application software:

System Software:

                                                   Software is set of programs, given to computer to perform different tasks. System software is compulsory for computer. Without it computer cannot perform any task. It works with the internal system of computer. All devices that connect with computer externally, all are handled by system software. Different operating system like LINUX, UNIX, MS-WINDOWS are example of system software.

Application software is used for personal use. Existence of application software does not effect the working of computer. It is only for personal use. Example of application software is MS-WORD, EXCEL etc.

Different Types of System software:

                                                                                           Let us study about the types of system software:

1. OS:

             OS stands for operating system. It controls the working of internal and external part of computer . It controls the working of hardware and software. Through it hardware and software can communicate. It is also a way of communication between users and computer. It performs very important task, Like booting computer, memory management.

Different types of OS are UNIX, LINUX, Apple iOS etc.

Here we are discussing some important tasks of Operating System:

1. Memory Management:

                                                   A more important task of computer is memory management. It allocates memory to different programs. It determines which program should be allocated memory. When a program finishes its working, operating system deallocates the memory and assigns it to the next program.

2. Scheduling:

                           Another main task of OS is scheduling. Many programs may be working at the same time and waiting for execution. CPU may be confused which program should be executed first? Here, it helps the CPU that which process should be first execute.

3. Security:

                    Security is an important task of OS. Today, many hackers can access someone's personal data illegally for misuse. OS Prevents data from illegally access. It protects the personal data from unauthorized access with the help of authentication.

4. File Management :

                                             As Operating System allocates memory to different programs, it also allocate different resources. Its another work is allocating and deallocating resources.

                                             

Computer Languages:

                                        We humans speak in English, Urdu, Chinese etc. We can also understand these languages. But the computer is not like us. Computer also has its own languages like low level language.

Computer can understand only 0s and 1s form. It is discrete form and human cannot understand it. To solve this problem, its alternate language is 

2. Language Processors: 

                                                       As computer can understand only binary language, and human can understand only English, Urdu and French etc. So, language processors are used to convert the high- level language into low level language. The convert the source code into object code. 

Here is some explanation of source code and object code.

                                             

Source Code:

                         This the code which is written in a language understandable by the user. And it is converted into binary code.

Object Code:

                      This the binary code. It is directly understandable by the computer. Therefor it is called machine code.

Some Types Of Processors:

1. Assembler

     Assembly Language is English like words. This is understandable by human. The processor which is used to convert it to machine code is assembler.

2. Compiler

                    Compiler is a processor which converts the source code is object code. It converts at once the whole program. It is efficient.

3. Interpreter

                      Interpreter is a processor which converts the source code is object code. 
It converts line by line the program. It is time taking but errors find immediately.

Browse more Topics under Software Concepts

• Utility Software
• Application Software

System Utilities

                            System Utilities are utilities that make computer able to work smoothly. It helps to minimize the size of a file, decompress the file, remove virus, control peripheral devices.

Different types of utility software are:

1. Compression Of file:

                                      There are many files of large size. If we want to send them or share to someone, we need to minimize its size. Compression tool helps in this case. Examples are PeaZip, WinRAR.

2. Antivirus Software:

                                   Viruses damage the working of our computer. There is a software that remove the virus from our computer. Like Quick Heal, McAfee.

3. Disk Management Tools:

                                                 These tools are used for the management of data on the disks more efficiently so that the performance of the system can enhance. Examples of disk management tools are Backup Utility, Disk Cleanup Tool etc.

4. Device Drivers

These types of system software are used for the operation of the peripheral devices. Each device connected to the computer has its own driver. These drivers basically contain instructions that tell the operating system how to operate the device.

Some drivers are pre-installed on the computer while some others are installed when a new device is added. The audio device, video device, scanner, camera, etc. all require a driver. A driver tells the operating system how to use the device.